However, even recently, MPS is considered by some to be fiction, or otherwise paired with psychosomatic disorders since it involves pain and has no clear pathophysiology. MPS is one the most frequently under-diagnosed, under-treated and misunderstood sources of the ubiquitous aches and pains of humankind. Estimates are 37 to 65 percent of the population have myofascial pain, which costs the united states $47 billion every year. Literature estimates 45% of men and 54% of women in the general population have TrPs. However, these findings are not unique to MPS: in a controlled study they were also present in “normal” subjects. Palpation of a TrP can reproduce or accentuate the pain. A study found laborers who exercise heavily are less likely to develop manifestations of MPS than sedentary workers. It may arise after trauma, overuse or sedentarism. In clinical practice MPS is often defined by multiple areas of musculoskeletal pain and tenderness associated with painful points. Since much of the subject is still somewhat under dispute, textbooks and medical literature were added to establish a consensus on the elements of MPS. The purpose of this paper is to systematically search the empirical studies and components of MPS in an effort to assemble them into a suggested organic mechanism, explaining its pathophysiology and how it may evolve into fibromyalgia. Having no accepted definition or criteria, clearly raises issues for both diagnosis and potential studies.
A fundamental difficulty arises when there is no clear definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, or diagnosis of MPS. Nonetheless, TrPs and myofascial pain are a hallmark. Some define it as a regional pain disorder, others define it on the basis of tenderness and associated painful spots. Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is an entity that still lacks a clear definition. Traditionally, “TrPs” are perceived as associated with MPS and differ from “tender points” mainly in that they radiate pain. TrPs are small and sensitive areas in a contracted muscle, that spontaneously or upon compression cause pain to a distant region, known as a referred pain zone. Commonly known as “muscle knots” myofascial pain usually arises in ’trigger points’ (TrPs) or ’tender spots’. Myofascial pain denotes a pain arising from muscle and fascia. Chronic pain is a major cause of morbidity and has a significant impact on quality of life.
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